Study of Receptor-Mediated Neurotoxins Released by HIV-1-Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes Found in Human Brain

Study of receptor-mediated neurotoxins released by HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocytes found in human brain.

Although there is growing evidence that neurotoxic molecules produced by HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocytes damage neurons, the precise mechanisms of neuronal attack remain uncertain. One class of cytotoxin involves neuronal injury mediated via the NMDA receptor. We examined blood monocytes and brain mononuclear cells isolated at autopsy from HIV-1-infected individuals for the ability to rel...

Methylnaltrexone antagonizes opioid-mediated enhancement of HIV infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes.

Opioid abuse has been postulated as a cofactor in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. We and others have recently demonstrated that opioid enhances HIV infection of human macrophages through modulation of beta-chemokines and the CCR5 receptor and that this effect is reversed by naltrexone, a tertiary opioid antagonist. Tertiary opioid antagonists can...

Akt-Mediated Proinflammatory Response of Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected withBurkholderia cenocepaciaOccurs by a NovelGSK3b-Dependent, IkBKinase-IndependentMechanism

Murine and Human Mononuclear Phagocytes

as determined by vital staining, uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, and survival and replication in human fibroblasts. They are, however, rapidly killed by the addition of H202 and iodide under conditions in which control organisms are unaffected. We have used EPO bound to T. gondii to explore the role of peroxidase in the toxoplasmacidal activity of mononuclear phagocytes. Resident mouse peritoneal mac...

Mononuclear phagocytes mediate blood-brain barrier compromise and neuronal injury during HIV-1-associated dementia.

The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection revolves around the production of secretory factors from immune-activated brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP). MP-secreted chemokines may play several roles in HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). These can promote macrophage brain infiltration, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuronal dysfunction during HIV-1-associated dementia. We investigate how HIV-1-infected MP ...